Peptides
Mechanisms, research, benefits, limitations, and emerging applications.
98 articles in Peptides · page 4 of 9
MK-677 (Ibutamoren): The Oral Secretagogue, Explained
MK-677 is a pill, not a peptide, that raises growth hormone and IGF-1 by mimicking ghrelin. It failed its biggest trial and carries real metabolic trade-offs.
Read →Peptide Cycling: What the Protocols Claim vs What Is Known
Community 'weeks on, weeks off' peptide cycling protocols promise to preserve sensitivity. The rationale borrows from real receptor biology, but the specific schedules are almost entirely unverified in humans.
Read →Peptides for Women: What the Sex-Specific Data Shows
Most peptide trials enrolled mostly men or never reported results by sex. Here's where sex differences plausibly matter, and the one peptide approved for women.
Read →GLP-1 vs Growth-Hormone Peptides: Different Goals, Different Evidence
Two peptide categories often lumped together, and the wildly different levels of proof behind each.
Read →Injection Technique and Peptides: What the Research Suggests
Site, depth, and rotation shape both safety and absorption — but the evidence comes from insulin, not peptides.
Read →The Economics of Peptide Research: Why Trials Lag
Pivotal trials cost millions and patents fund them. Unpatentable peptides break that model — which explains the evidence gap.
Read →Bioregulator Peptides and Aging: A Skeptical Review
Decades of work from a single Russian institute, almost no independent Western trials, and sweeping longevity claims.
Read →Peptide Tolerance and Desensitization, Explained
GPCR desensitization and downregulation are textbook biology. How strongly they apply to any specific peptide protocol in humans usually isn't.
Read →BPC-157: Separating the Evidence from the Hype
BPC-157 has a large animal-research base and almost no human trial data. A 2025 systematic review found just one human study among 36. Both things are true.
Read →Tesofensine: Appetite, Weight, and the Open Questions
A triple-reuptake inhibitor whose striking phase 2 weight loss is shadowed by safety signals and a Lancet expression of concern.
Read →What Phase a Peptide Is In, and Why It Matters
Preclinical, Phase 1, Phase 3 — the single most useful question to ask about any compound.
Read →How Peptides Signal: Receptors, Cascades, and Effects
From receptor binding to second messengers to effect — the chain of events behind every peptide claim.
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