Peptides
Mechanisms, research, benefits, limitations, and emerging applications.
110 articles in Peptides · page 5 of 10
MK-677 (Ibutamoren): The Oral Secretagogue, Explained
MK-677 is a pill, not a peptide, that raises GH and IGF-1 by mimicking ghrelin. It failed its biggest trial and carries metabolic trade-offs.
Read →Peptide Cycling: What the Protocols Claim vs What Is Known
Weeks-on, weeks-off peptide cycling borrows from real receptor biology, but the specific schedules are almost entirely unverified in humans.
Read →Peptides for Women: What the Sex-Specific Data Shows
Most peptide trials enrolled mostly men or never reported by sex. Where sex differences plausibly matter, and the one peptide approved for women.
Read →GLP-1 vs Growth-Hormone Peptides: Different Goals, Different Evidence
Two peptide categories often lumped together, and the wildly different levels of proof behind each. Why the comparison misleads.
Read →Injection Technique and Peptides: What the Research Suggests
Site, depth, and rotation shape both safety and absorption — but the evidence comes from insulin research, not from peptides.
Read →The Economics of Peptide Research: Why Trials Lag
Pivotal trials cost millions and patents fund them. Unpatentable peptides break that model — which explains the evidence gap.
Read →Bioregulator Peptides and Aging: A Skeptical Review
Decades of work from one Russian institute, almost no independent Western trials, and sweeping longevity claims regardless.
Read →Peptide Tolerance and Desensitization, Explained
GPCR desensitization and downregulation are textbook biology. How strongly they apply to any specific peptide protocol in humans usually isn't.
Read →BPC-157: Separating the Evidence from the Hype
BPC-157 has a large animal-research base and almost no human data. A 2025 systematic review found one human study among 36. Both are true.
Read →Tesofensine: Appetite, Weight, and the Open Questions
A triple-reuptake inhibitor whose striking phase 2 weight loss is shadowed by safety signals and a Lancet expression of concern.
Read →What Phase a Peptide Is In, and Why It Matters
Preclinical, Phase 1, Phase 3 — the single most useful question to ask about any compound, and what each stage does and does not establish.
Read →How Peptides Signal: Receptors, Cascades, and Effects
From receptor binding to second messengers to effect: the chain of events behind every peptide claim, and where it breaks down.
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